Organizing (also spelled In the early 18th century, English spelling was not standardized. Differences became noticeable after the publishing of influential dictionaries. Current British English spellings follow, for the most part, those of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language , whereas many American English spellings follow Noah Webster's An American organising) is the act of rearranging elements following one or more rules.
Anything is commonly considered organized when it looks like everything has a correct order or placement. But it's only ultimately organized if any element has no difference on time taken to find it. In that sense, organizing can also be defined as to place different objects in logical arrangement for better searching.
Organizations An organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, controls its own performance, and has a boundary separating it from its environment. The word itself is derived from the Greek word organon, itself derived from the better-known word ergon are groups In the social sciences a group can be defined as two or more humans who interact with one another, accept expectations and obligations as members of the group, and share a common identity. By this definition, society can be viewed as a large group, though most social groups are considerably smaller of people frequently trying to organize some specific subject, such as political issues. So, even while organizing can be viewed as a simple definition, it can get as complex as organizing the world's information.
History
Historically, humanity has always tried to organize itself. The organizing of information can be seen since the time humans began to write. Prior to that, history History is the study of the human past. Scholars who write about history are called historians. It is a field of research which uses a narrative to examine and analyse the sequence of events, and it sometimes attempts to investigate objectively the patterns of cause and effect that determine events. Historians debate the nature of history and its was passed down through song and word. Be it with religion, books and spoken word, science, through journals and studies, or in many other ways, organizing not only is history, but also helps communicate history. Writing ideas in a book, as opposed to verbally communicating with someone, and more specifically cataloging ideas and thoughts, is also an attempt to organize information.
Science books A science book is a work of nonfiction, usually written by a scientist, researcher, or professor like Stephen Hawking , or sometimes by a non-scientist such as Bill Bryson (A Short History of Nearly Everything). Usually these books are written for a wide audience presumed to have a general education rather than a specifically scientific training, are notable by their organization of a specific subject. Encyclopedias An encyclopedia is a type of reference work, a compendium holding information from either all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge, instead, usually try to organize any subject into one place, for faster indexing An index is a list of words or phrases and associated pointers ('locators') to where useful material relating to that heading can be found in a document. In a traditional back-of-the-book index the headings will include names of people, places and events, and concepts selected by a person as being relevant and of interest to a possible reader of and seeking of meanings.
Nature of organization
The following are the important characteristics of organization.
Division of work or specialization
The entire philosophy of organization depends on the concept of specialization. In specialization, various activities are assigned to different people who are specialists in that area. Specialization improves efficiency. Thus, organization helps in division of work and assigning duties to different people.
Orientation towards goals
Every organization has its own purposes and objectives. Organizing is the function employed to achieve the overall goals of the organization. Organization harmonies the individual goals of the employees with overall objectives of the firm.
Composition of individuals and groups
Individuals form a group and the groups form an organization. Thus, organization is the composition of individual and groups. Individuals are grouped into departments and their work is coordinated and directed towards organizational goals.
Differentiated functions
The organization divides the entire work and assigns the tasks to individual in-order to achieve the organizational objectives each one has to perform a different task and tasks of one individuals must be coordinated with the tasks of others.
Continues process
An organization is a group of people with defined relationship to each other that allows them to work together achieve the goals of the organization. This relationship do not come to end after completing a task. Organization is a never ending process.
Purpose of organization
Helps to achieve organizational goal
Organization is employed to achieve the overall objectives of business firms. Organization focuses attention of individuals objectives towards overall objectives.
Optimum use of resources
To make optimum use of resources such as men, material, money, machine and method, it is necessary to design an organization properly. Work should be divided and right people should be given right jobs to reduce the wastage of resources in an organization.
To perform managerial function
Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling cannot be implemented without proper organization.
Facilitates growth and diversification
A good organization structure is essential for expanding business activity. Organization structure determines the input resources needed for expansion of a business activity similarly organization is essential for product diversification such as establishing a new product line.
Human treatment of employees
Organization has to operate for the betterment of employees an must not encourage monotony of work due to higher degree of specialization. Now, organization has adapted the modern concept of systems approach based on human relations and it discards the traditional productivity and specialization approach.
Applications
Organizing, in companies In the United States, a company is a corporation—or, less commonly, an association, partnership, or union—that carries on an industrial enterprise." Generally, a company may be a "corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, fund, or organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not, and any receiver, point of view, is the management function that usually follows after planning. And it involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments and the assignment of authority and allocation of resources across the organization.
Structure
The framework in which the organization defines how tasks are divided, resources are deployed, and departments are coordinated.
- A set of formal tasks assigned to individuals and departments.
- Formal reporting relationships, including lines of authority, decision responsibility, number of hierarchical levels and span of managers control.
- The design of systems to ensure effective coordination of employees across departments.
Work specialization
Work specialization (also called division of labour Division of Bashir or economic specialisation is the specialisation of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles. Historically an increasingly complex division of labour is closely associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and of the complexity of industrialisation processes. Division of) is the degree to which organizational tasks are sub-divided into individual jobs. With too much specialization, employees are isolated and do only a single, tiny, boring job. Many organizations enlarge jobs or rotate assigned tasks to provide greater challenges.
Chain of command
The chain of command is the unbroken line of authority that links all individuals in an organization, and specifies who reports to whom.
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- Unity of Command - one employee is held accountable to only one supervisor
- Scalar principle - clearly defined line of authority in the organization that includes all employees
Authority, responsibility, and accountability
- Authority is a manager's formal and legitimate right to make decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources to achieve organizationally desired outcomes.
- Responsibility means an employee's duty to perform assigned task or activities.
- Accountability means that those with authority and responsibility must report and justify task outcomes to those above them in the chain of command.
Delegation
Delegation is the process managers use to transfer authority and responsibility to positions below them. Organizations today tend to encourage delegation from highest to lowest possible levels. Delegation can improve flexibility to meet customers’ needs and adaptation to competitive environments. Managers often find delegation difficult
Types of authority (and responsibility)
Line authority managers have the formal power to direct and control immediate subordinates. The superior issues orders and is responsible for the result—the subordinate obeys and is responsible only for executing the order according to instructions.
Functional authority is where managers have formal power over a specific subset of activities. For instance, the Production Manager may have the line authority to decide whether and when a new machine is needed but the Controller demands that a Capital Expenditure Proposal is submitted first, showing that the investment will have a yield of at least x%; or, a legal department may have functional authority to interfere in any activity that could have legal consequences. This authority would not be functional but it would rather be staff authority if such interference is "advice" rather than "order".
Staff authority is granted to staff specialists in their areas of expertise. It is not a real authority in the sense that a staff manager does not order or instruct but simply advises, recommends, and counsels in the staff specialists' area of expertise and is responsible only for the quality of the advice (to be in line with the respective professional standards etc) It is a communication relationship with management Management in all business areas and organizational activities are the acts of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and. It has an influence that derives indirectly from line authority at a higher level.
Span of management
Factors influencing larger span of management.
- Work performed by subordinates is stable and routine.
- Subordinates perform similar work tasks.
- Subordinates are concentrated in a single location.
- Subordinates are highly trained and need little direction in performing tasks.
- Rules and procedures defining task activities are available.
- Support systems and personnel are available for the managers.
- Little time is required in non-supervisory activities such as coordination with other departments or planning.
- Managers' personal preferences and styles favour a large span.
Tall versus flat structure
- Tall - A management structure characterized by an overall narrow span of management and a relatively large number of hierarchical levels. Tight control. Reduced communication overhead A hierarchical organization is an organizational structure where every entity in the organization, except one, is subordinate to a single other entity. This arrangement is a form of a hierarchy. In an organization, the hierarchy usually consists of a singular/group of power at the top with subsequent levels of power beneath them. This is the.
- Flat - A management structure characterized by a wide span of control and relatively few hierarchical levels. Loose control. Facilitates delegation.
Centralization, decentralization, and formalization
- Centralization - The location of decision making authority near top organizational levels.
- Decentralization - The location of decision making authority near lower organizational levels.
- Formalization - The written documentation used to direct and control employees.
Departmentalization
The basis on which individuals are grouped into departments and departments into total organizations.
Approach options include;
- Functional - by common skills and work tasks
- Divisional - common product, program or geographical location
- Matrix - combination of Functional and Divisional
- Team - to accomplish specific tasks
- Network - departments are independent providing functions for a central core breaker
Importance of organizing
- Organizations are often troubled by how to organize, particularly when a new strategy is developed
- Changing market conditions or new technology requires change
- Organizations seek efficiencies through improvements in organizing
See also
- Order theory Order theory is a branch of mathematics that studies various kinds of binary relations that capture the intuitive notion of ordering, providing a framework for saying when one thing is "less than" or "precedes" another. This article gives a introduction to the field and includes some of the most basic definitions. For a quick
- Sorting For sorting we can either specify a weak order "should not come after" or a strict weak order "should come before" . For the sorting to be unique, these two are restricted to a total order and a strict total order, respectively
- Community organizing Community organizing is a process where people who live in proximity to each other come together into an organization that acts in their shared self-interest. Unlike those who promote more-consensual "community building," community organizers generally assume that social change necessarily involves conflict and social struggle in order
- Union organizer In most unions, the organizer's role is to recruit groups of workers under the organizing model. In other unions, the organizer's role is largely that of servicing members and enforcing work rules, similar to the role of a shop steward. In some unions, organizers may also take on industrial/legal roles such as making representations before the
- Professional organizer Professional organizing is a service that helps individuals and businesses design systems and processes using organizing principles and through transferring skills. Professional organizers help individuals and businesses take control of their surroundings, their time, their paper and their systems for life
- The organization of the artist The organization of the artist is a concept devised by architect Frank Gehry and first used in writing by professor Bent Flyvbjerg in 2005 in Harvard Design Magazine. The term denotes the organizational set-up Gehry enforces when his designs are being built to avoid subordination of the design creator and is part of his approach to effective
References
Categories: Ordering
Phoenix Business Journal
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for falls helping eliminate germs and making it easier to find things like medicine and exercise gear A Clutter Too Deep for Mere Bins and Shelves www nytimes com January 1 2008
Meredith
Mon, 19 Jul 2010 16:05:32 GM
Tips for handling those embarrassing moments in email, brought to you by Penelope Loves Lists, the blog for the organization freak in you.
Q. I need organizing tips for each room. Laundry room, kitchen, bath room. bedrooms,(4), A home office, living room, dinning room. and a hallway closet Please help me, i cant stand it.
Asked by doggie_gone_crazy - Sun Mar 8 21:16:42 2009 - - 1 Answers - 0 Comments
A. I think you should start off with your closet.. if they are clean you will be able to put away more stuff and it will help keep clutter to a minimum. Closet- Start of my sorting clothing my season. Put them in diff totes..only have this season's clothing out and available. Buy a shoe organizer, they have ones that hook to the back of you closet door, of shelves. Depending on how much room you have to work with. I just purchased one for my kids at the family dollar for $6! Holds ten adult shoes (a pocket for each shoe) but bc they are kids shoes i was able to put a pair of shoe per pocket! Space bag are great for bulky sweaters, blankets, and pillows. They are neat bc you can just hide them under the bed! As for the rest of you house.. [cont.]
Answered by cutemamma - Sun Mar 8 21:38:02 2009
